Countless people have become addicted to heroin, because it is often presented as a more accessible and cheaper alternative to prescription painkillers.
If you or a loved one are battling heroin addiction, there is hope. Compassionate help from Hope’s Destiny and other treatment providers can help you and your loved ones overcome heroin abuse and addiction.
Read on to learn more about heroin addiction, how heroin abuse turns into heroin addiction, who is at risk for heroin addiction, and more.
What to Know About Heroin Addiction
Also known as heroin use disorder, heroin addiction occurs when someone has a strong need to keep using heroin even though it hurts them and others.
Heroin is a highly addictive and rapidly-acting opioid. It is processed from morphine, a substance found in opium poppy plants grown in Southeast Asia, South America, and Mexico.
Street names for heroin include Horse, Chiva, Black Tar, Negra, and Smack.
Because heroin is highly addictive, people can quickly get addicted. Regular heroin use leads to heroin tolerance, which requires the person to use more heroin to achieve the same surge of euphoria followed by an in-between state of sleep and wakefulness.
Fortunately, support groups and treatment options provide hope for people struggling with heroin addiction.
Top Facts on Heroin Use Disorder
- In 2021, 0.4% or 1.1 million people reported using heroin in the past year.
- As of 2023, over 500,000 in the United States are dependent on heroin.
- In 2021, over 9,000 people died from an overdose involving heroin.
- Heroin overdoses can lead to blue lips and fingernails, convulsions, shallow and slow breathing, coma, and death.
- Repeated heroin use can change the structure of the brain, which can affect decision-making abilities, responses to stressful situations, and the ability to control behavior.
- Withdrawal can occur within a few hours after heroin use, leading to cold flashes with goosebumps, diarrhea, restlessness, and vomiting.
- Several heroin recovery options can help people struggling with heroin addiction, such as sober living homes, Narcotics Anonymous (NA), and aftercare options.
How Heroin Abuse Turns to Heroin Addiction
Heroin use can be addicting and pleasurable. Accordingly, it’s easy for people to develop heroin use disorder. Here’s a breakdown of how heroin abuse can turn into heroin addiction.
First Heroin Use
Heroin abuse typically starts when someone uses heroin for the first time. When heroin enters the brain, it is turned into morphine and binds to opioid receptors, leading to a pleasurable sensation called a “rush.”
People can get addicted to these effects, leading to continued heroin abuse.
Continued Heroin Abuse
As people continue using heroin, their brain chemistry will morph, and they will start developing a physical dependency that makes the periods in between heroin more uncomfortable and painful.
Heroin Addiction and Dependence
Physical dependence on heroin can keep people using heroin to avoid withdrawal.
Their uncontrollable cravings will cause them to continue seeking heroin to satisfy their urges, regardless of the consequences and the harm it is causing to others and themselves.
Signs of Heroin Addiction
There are several signs of heroin addiction. These include:
- Drowsiness
- Dry mouth
- Warm flushing of the skin
- Nausea
- Constricted pupils
- Heavy legs, arms, and other extremities
- Weight loss
- Deterioration of personal appearance
Other opioids, such as Vicodin, OxyContin, morphine, fentanyl, and codeine, can cause similar effects.
Heroin Withdrawal Symptoms
Someone who is physically dependent on heroin will experience withdrawal symptoms within several hours if they use less heroin or stop taking it.
Withdrawal symptoms can include sweating, nausea, anxiety, chills, stomach cramps, diarrhea, and muscle aches. These symptoms can be severe or mild.
Causes of Heroin Addiction
Heroin addiction usually happens when someone develops a tolerance to heroin and needs more of it to feel the same rush.
Long-term use of an opioid substance gradually changes the functioning and structure of the brain, making it easier for someone to become addicted to heroin. This can affect people who were prescribed opioids for a long time by their doctors.
Who Is at Risk for Heroin Addiction?
Certain groups have a higher chance of developing heroin addiction. These include:
- People with siblings or parents who struggle with addiction
- People with a history of sexual or physical abuse
- Younger people in their teens and early 20s
- People with serious anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder
- People who use tobacco heavily
- People with a history of problems with friends, family, and work
- People (especially women) with a history of long-term pain who are given opioid medicines.
Ways People Abuse Heroin
People abuse heroin by snorting, smoking, plugging/boofing (taking drugs rectally), or injecting it.
Many new users start by smoking or snorting heroin since they want to avoid the stigma associated with injection drug use. These people usually believe that smoking or snorting will not lead to addiction.
Eventually, people who smoke or snort heroin may start injecting heroin. Injection is a more efficient way to administer the drug and gives them the intense effects they first experienced when they first began using the drug.
People may also plug heroin to get intense effects since the rectum has sensitive blood vessels for absorbing drugs quickly.
What Are the Effects of Heroin Abuse?
Heroin abuse can also cause negative short- and long-term effects.
Short Term Effects of Heroin
Besides causing an intense high, heroin can cause a range of negative short-term effects.
Short-term side effects of heroin include the following:
- Shallow breathing
- Sleepiness
- Constipation
- Feeling hot
- Itching
- Vomiting and nausea
Long Term Effects of Heroin Abuse
Heroin can have dangerous consequences in the long term. Such effects get worse the longer someone abuses heroin.
Long-term health problems associated with use of heroin include:
- Increased risk of heroin overdose
- Sexual dysfunction
- Increased risk of viral or bacterial infection from IV and syringe use, such as HIV, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and other infectious diseases
- Insomnia
- Drug tolerance, dependence, and addiction
- Abscesses surrounding injection sites
- Difficulty sleeping
Top Treatments for Heroin Use Disorder
Fortunately, there are several treatments for heroin use disorder. Here’s a breakdown of how these addiction treatments work.
Heroin Detox
Heroin addiction treatment typically starts with a detoxification period where the patient undergoes withdrawal under medical supervision. During this phase, the patient may receive opioid replacement medications.
Although it is possible to go through detox without professional supervision or help, it is not advisable when quitting heroin.
Residential Heroin Rehab
Residential or inpatient heroin rehab requires patients to stay overnight briefly or for an extended period. Physicians keep these patients at a facility or hospital to monitor them closely.
Heroin addiction is usually severe and serious, so doctors are likely to recommend residential heroin rehab, particularly during the detox phase.
Medication-Assisted Treatment
Medication-assisted treatment or MAT uses medications with behavioral therapies and counseling to treat addiction.
There are three Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for treating heroin and other opioid dependence: methadone (Methadose), buprenorphine (Suboxone), and naltrexone (Vivitrol).
Outpatient Treatment Programs
Outpatient treatment programs typically follow an inpatient treatment program.
Outpatient treatment refers to an addiction treatment and recovery program where the patient lives at home during treatment. Any rehab program that doesn’t require patients to live at a hospital or facility for over 24 hours may count as an outpatient rehab.
Outpatient rehab is typically more affordable than inpatient care and is aimed at people with mild addiction.
For those who want more support, they can join an intensive outpatient program (IOP), which provides a more intensive and structured level of care than most outpatient programs.
Dual Diagnosis Care
Dual diagnosis care is provided when someone has a mental health disorder along with heroin addiction. Other names for dual diagnosis include co-morbidity and co-occurring disorder.
People with heroin addiction often have mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression.
Behavioral Therapies
Behavioral therapies treat mental health disorders and addiction by spotting and changing self-destructive and unhealthy thoughts and behaviors.
Examples include contingency management therapies, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavior and skills training therapies, and couples and family treatments.
Continuing Care for Heroin Recovery
After receiving treatments for substance use disorder, patients must get continuing care for heroin recovery. This will decrease the chances of sliding back into habits of use and addiction.
There are several types of continuing care for heroin recovery, including:
- Narcotics Anonymous (NA) is a non-profit fellowship for recovering addicts who regularly meet to help each other stay clean.
- Sober living houses or sober living environments provide supportive, safe, and structured living conditions for people leaving drug rehabilitation programs. As in NA, residents in sober living homes can hold each other accountable and help each other fight addiction.
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has a mental health and behavioral health treatment locator and provides many other mental health resources for patients and healthcare providers.
- Partnership to End Addiction offers a free and confidential helpline for concerned parents and caregivers of someone struggling with heroin addiction.
Find Effective Heroin Treatment at Hope’s Destiny
A heroin addiction can be terrifying. Not only does it have short-term effects, but it can cause long-term effects such as an increased risk of heroin and opioid overdose.
However, it is important to remember that people can and do overcome heroin addiction all the time, especially if they have compassionate help from state-of-the-art treatment facilities such as Hope’s Destiny.
To learn more about how Hope’s Destiny can help you, contact us. Our friendly staff provides modern amenities and the necessary support to assist you on your journey towards long-term wellness.
